{"id":5676,"date":"2021-01-05T20:05:38","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T18:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rumme.cz\/?p=5676"},"modified":"2021-01-05T20:05:38","modified_gmt":"2021-01-05T18:05:38","slug":"ostrov-mauricius-a-jeho-rum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rumme.cz\/en\/ostrov-mauricius-a-jeho-rum\/","title":{"rendered":"Ostrov Mauricius a jeho rum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o ostrov\u011b Mauricius<\/h2>\n

Ostrov Mauricius je situov\u00e1n v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. A to 2 000 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Afriky. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi „rumov\u00fdmi“ ostrovy jsou Madagaskar<\/strong> vzd\u00e1len\u00fd 900 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b a Reunion<\/strong> asi 230 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b. \u017dije zde p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 230 000 obyvatel a hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Port Louis<\/a>. Pro p\u0159edstavu ostrov je svou rozlohou 2 040 km2<\/sup> asi \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Praha<\/strong>. S dal\u0161\u00edmi ostrovy R\u00e9union a Rodriguez tvo\u0159\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 Mascareneho ostrovy, pojmenovan\u00e9  po portugalsk\u00e9m mo\u0159eplavci Pedru Mascarenhasovi<\/a>. Kter\u00fd je jako prvn\u00ed Evropan nav\u0161t\u00edvil v ran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti 16. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V kr\u00e1tkosti o historii ostrova<\/h3>\n

I kdy\u017e jako prvn\u00ed ostrov objevili Portugalci, os\u00eddlili jej v roce 1598 Holan\u010fan\u00e9 a pojmenovali jej po sv\u00e9m princi<\/strong> Mo\u0159ici Oran\u017esk\u00e9m<\/strong> (Maurits van Oranje). V roce 1638 zde zalo\u017eili svou kolonii. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Holan\u010fan\u00e9<\/strong> byli ti, kte\u0159\u00ed na ostrov p\u0159ivezli cukrovou t\u0159tinu z J\u00e1vy<\/strong>, mimo jin\u00e9 i jelena a vyhubili pt\u00e1ka dodo. Holan\u010fan\u00e9 ostrov opustili v roce 1710, o 5 let pozd\u011bji jej p\u0159evzali pod svou kontrolu Francouzi. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se v nadvl\u00e1d\u011b nad ostrovem st\u0159\u00eddali Francouzi a Britov\u00e9. A\u017e do roku 1962, kdy byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena nez\u00e1vislost ostrova<\/strong>. V roce 1992 byl Mauritius prohl\u00e1\u0161en republikou.<\/p>\n

Historie rumu na ostrov\u011b<\/h2>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tkem alkoholu na ostrov\u011b byl destil\u00e1t ze speci\u00e1ln\u00edho druhu palmy<\/strong>, ta se v\u0161ak brzy stala nedostatkov\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm. A tak se p\u0159istoupilo na destilov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161\u0165\u00e1v z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny<\/strong>. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku byl rum ur\u010den p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro otroky a pir\u00e1ty. Rodiny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm postaven\u00edm rum nekonzumovali. To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je rum v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b na ostrov\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n negativn\u011b. Postupn\u011b se rum vypracoval na \u00farove\u0148 cognacu a whisk(e)y. V minulosti byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako hodnotn\u00fd dar mezi otrok\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n

\"Vyhynul\u00fd

Vyhynul\u00fd pt\u00e1k dodo<\/p><\/div>\n

Prvn\u00ed cukrovar<\/strong> byl na ostrov\u011b postaven v 18. stolet\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed bylo na ostrov\u011b a\u017e 50 pal\u00edren<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 produkovali rum v milionech litr\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Tato „velkov\u00fdroba“ rumu byla pozastavena, jeliko\u017e rum m\u011bl \u0161patn\u00fd vliv na zdrav\u00ed a mor\u00e1lku otrok\u016f.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem britsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy<\/strong> vstoupilo v platnost opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na\u0159izovalo v\u00fdrobu alkoholu jen z melasy.<\/strong> T\u00edm bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v\u0161echna cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina bude pou\u017eita pro v\u00fdrobu cukru<\/strong> a a\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b pro v\u00fdrobu alkoholu. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed znamenalo z\u00e1kaz m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice<\/strong> a to v\u00fdroby rumu z t\u0159tinov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy, na kterou byli obyvatel\u00e9 zvykl\u00ed.  Pokles ceny cukru na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm trhu znamenalo, \u017ee vl\u00e1da na ostrov\u011b pozm\u011bnila z\u00e1kon a v roce 2003  dovolila op\u011bt vyr\u00e1b\u011bt rum p\u0159\u00edmo ze \u0161\u0165\u00e1v cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mauricius a rum dnes<\/h2>\n

Mauricius je jedna z m\u00e1la zem\u00ed, kde se rum historicky vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ob\u011bma zp\u016fsoby<\/strong> (z melasy i z t\u0159tinov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy). Rumy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z vylisovan\u00e9 t\u0159tinov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy, tzv. \u201evesou\u201c, kter\u00e1 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b sm\u00edch\u00e1 s vodou a kvasinkami a nech\u00e1 se fermentovat v\u011bt\u0161inou ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch \u010di nerezov\u00fdch tanc\u00edch.
\nRumy tradi\u010dn\u00ed neboli pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z melasy, co\u017e je zbytkov\u00fd produkt p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b cukru. \u010cerstv\u011b vylisovan\u00e1 t\u0159tinov\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va je zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1na, t\u00edm je z\u00edsk\u00e1n tzv. t\u0159tinov\u00fd med, kter\u00fd je op\u011bt zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n a odst\u0159e\u010fov\u00e1n. T\u00edmto procesem vznikaj\u00ed krystaly cukru a melasa. Ta se n\u00e1sledn\u011b op\u011bt sm\u00edch\u00e1 s vodou a kvasinkami. Dal\u0161\u00ed postup je obecn\u011b stejn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Obchody

Obchody s ko\u0159en\u00edm dal vzniknout takzvan\u00fdm rum\u016fm „arrang\u00e9“<\/p><\/div>\n

Na ostrov\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed star\u00e9 metody macerov\u00e1n\u00ed tropick\u00e9 ovoce a ko\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v rumu. Takov\u00e9 rumy nesou ozna\u010den\u00ed „rhum<\/b> arrang\u00e8<\/strong><\/a>„. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je na ostrov\u011b v provozu ji\u017e jen 5 cukrovar\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed destilerie melasou. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed destilerie vznikla v roce 1926. Nyn\u00ed je na ostrov\u011b v provozu 6 destil\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong>. Rum zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd (agricultural) mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt destilerie Chamarel, Mascareignes a St. Aubin, kter\u00e9 k tomu maj\u00ed autorizovan\u00e9 licence. Zbyl\u00e9 destilerie Grays, Indian Ocean Rum Company a Oxenham vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed rum tradi\u010dn\u00ed metodou z melasy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o ostrov\u011b Mauricius Ostrov Mauricius je situov\u00e1n v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. A to 2 000 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Afriky. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi „rumov\u00fdmi“ ostrovy jsou Madagaskar vzd\u00e1len\u00fd 900 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b a Reunion asi 230 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b. \u017dije zde p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 230 000 obyvatel a hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Port Louis. Pro p\u0159edstavu ostrov je svou rozlohou 2 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_nosidebar.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","iawp_total_views":34,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,47],"tags":[138,139,36],"class_list":["post-5676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani-za-rumem","category-rumova-akademie","tag-indicky-ocean","tag-mauricius","tag-rhum"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMauricius a jeho rum || Historie a sou\u010dastnost || RumMe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mauricius je pro mnoho z n\u00e1s synonymem pro dovolenkov\u00fd r\u00e1j. 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