{"id":5541,"date":"2020-12-16T20:21:10","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T18:21:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rumme.cz\/?p=5541"},"modified":"2020-12-16T20:21:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-16T18:21:10","slug":"kuba-a-kubansky-rum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rumme.cz\/en\/kuba-a-kubansky-rum\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuba a kub\u00e1nsky rum"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvod n\u00e1zvu<\/strong> ostrova Kuba nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00fd<\/strong>. Jednou z verz\u00ed je, \u017ee n\u00e1zev  vze\u0161el z karibsk\u00e9ho jazyka Ta\u00edno<\/strong>. V\u00fdznam slova Kuba nen\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159elo\u017een. Znamen\u00e1 to n\u011bco jako \u201ekde \u00farodn\u00e1 p\u016fda je hojn\u00e1\u201c nebo \u201ev\u00fdborn\u00e9 m\u00edsto\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed verz\u00ed p\u016fvodu je, \u017ee ostrov pojmenoval Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus a to podle m\u011bsta Kuba v Portugalsku<\/strong>. A\u0165 je to tak \u010di onak, kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum m\u00e1 jasn\u011b dan\u00fd p\u016fvod, kter\u00fd zna\u010d\u00ed kotroln\u00ed p\u00e1ska.<\/p>\n

\"Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum je v\u017edy ozna\u010den kontroln\u00ed p\u00e1skou zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jeho p\u016fvod.<\/p><\/div>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o Kub\u011b<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kuba je se svou rozlohou 109.884 km2<\/sup> nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm karibsk\u00fdm ostrovem<\/strong> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 17. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ostrovem na sv\u011bt\u011b. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010ceskou republikou je tento ostrov zhruba o 30.000 km2 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.  M\u00edstn\u00ed populace je tvo\u0159ena ze 37 % obyvatelstvem b\u00edl\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu<\/strong>. \u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e1 populace tvo\u0159\u00ed necel\u00fdch 10 %, oproti minulosti, kdy dosahovala a\u017e 50 % celkov\u00e9 populace. Z 51 % je obyvatelstvo tvo\u0159eno mulaty. Na ostrov\u011b \u017eije zhruba 11 329 000  obyvatel. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem Kuby je Havana<\/strong>, ve kter\u00e9 \u017eije 2 328 000 obyvatel. \u00da\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem je \u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina, je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina nebo karibsk\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina.<\/p>\n

V kr\u00e1tkosti o historii<\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00edm obyvateli Kuby byli Indi\u00e1ni<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako Ta\u00ednov\u00e9 nebo tak\u00e9 Arawak<\/strong>. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 kolonizace v 15. a 16. stolet\u00ed prob\u00edhala pod veden\u00edm Kry\u0161tofa Kolumba. P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatelstvo postupn\u011b vym\u00edralo. D\u016fvodem byly hlavn\u011b zavle\u010den\u00e9 nemoci, infekce a ot\u0159esn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky otroctv\u00ed. V polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed zde bylo zhruba 50 000 otrok\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pracovali na plant\u00e1\u017e\u00edch s cukrovou t\u0159tinou.<\/p>\n

Boj o nez\u00e1vislost nad \u0161pan\u011blskou nadvl\u00e1dou byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd b\u011bhem tzv. Desetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/strong><\/a>. V roce 1868 majitel\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed osvobodili otroky a bojovali za nez\u00e1vislost ostrova. V\u00fdsledkem bylo postupn\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed.<\/strong> V roce 1924 byl zvolen prezidentem Gerardo Machado.<\/p>\n

Kuba b\u011bhem americk\u00e9 prohibice slou\u017eila jako turistick\u00e1 oblast, rozv\u00edjel se zde gambling, prostituce a alkohol. Za vl\u00e1dy Machada pro\u017e\u00edvala Kuba kru\u0161n\u00e9 \u010dasy, zavl\u00e1dla zde korupce, n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vra\u017edy. Prezident byl b\u011bhem gener\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1vky svr\u017een a na jeho m\u00edsto dosedl Fulgencio Batista. Ten pokra\u010doval v podobn\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b jako jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce, utrpen\u00ed a chudoba obyvatelstva d\u00e1le p\u0159evl\u00e1dala. To se nel\u00edbilo mlad\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd za\u010dal chystat odpor. Nebyl j\u00edm nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e Fidel Castro<\/strong>. Za pomoci Ernesta \u201eChe\u201c Guevary<\/strong> se mu povedlo re\u017eim svrhnout. Jeho re\u017eim funguje se zm\u011bnami do dnes.<\/p>\n

\"Karibsk\u00e1

Karibsk\u00e1 idylka<\/p><\/div>\n

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum a jeho historie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Je spjata s Kry\u0161tofem Kolumbem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ivezl cukrovou t\u0159tinu na ostrov v 15. stolet\u00ed. Afri\u010dt\u00ed otroci a p\u0159ed nimi mo\u0159eplavci pop\u00edjeli n\u00e1poje ze zkva\u0161en\u00e9 melasy tzv. Tafia.<\/strong> Tento fermentovan\u00fd n\u00e1poj lze \u0159adit k p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016fm rumu. Rozvoj rumu je spjat s cukrovarnictv\u00edm na ostrov\u011b<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se rozvinulo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. N\u00e1r\u016fst cukrovarnictv\u00ed znamenalo v\u00edce melasy, co\u017e bylo spjato i s nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdroby rumu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edmi historick\u00fdmi miln\u00edky bylo zalo\u017een\u00ed destilerie \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm imigrantem, kter\u00fdm byl Don Facundo Bacardi<\/strong> v roce 1862 a zalo\u017een\u00ed destilerie rodinou Archebala<\/strong> v roce 1878. Kter\u00e1 v roce 1934 zalo\u017eila zna\u010dku Havana Club. V roce 1960 byly ob\u011b tyto zna\u010dky a dal\u0161\u00ed jin\u00e9 zn\u00e1rodn\u011bny a rodiny zakladatel\u016f emigrovaly. Rodina Bacardi sv\u016fj rum vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v Peurto Ricu a da\u0161l\u00edch zem\u00edch. V roce 1993-94  koupila nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Pernord-Ricard<\/strong> od kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy \u010d\u00e1st zna\u010dky Havana Club<\/strong>. P\u016fvodn\u00ed vlastn\u00edk t\u00e9to zna\u010dky, rodina Archebala prodala svou origin\u00e1ln\u00ed recepturu a pr\u00e1va na zna\u010dku rumu Havana rodin\u011b Bacardi<\/strong>. Proto se m\u016f\u017eeme v USA zat\u00edm setkat s rumem vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b rodinou Bacardi, kter\u00fd je nazvan\u00fdm \u201eHavana Club Puerto Rican rum\u201c.<\/strong> P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na na\u0161em trhu nalezneme Havanu distribuovanou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Pernord-Ricard, kter\u00e1 nese ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eHavana Club El ron de Cuba\u201c a je vyr\u00e1b\u011bn pr\u00e1v\u011b na Kub\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti a v\u00fdroba rumu Havana Club El Ron de Cuba<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Jose Arechabala zalo\u017eil destilerii<\/strong> v oblasti Matanzas ve m\u011bst\u011b Card\u00e9nas V roce 1878. V roce 1934 rodina Arechabala zalo\u017eila zna\u010dku Havana Club. Rum se dnes vyr\u00e1b\u00ed na Kub\u011b ve dvou destil\u00e9ri\u00edch. Destilerie Santa Cruz del Norte<\/strong> vyr\u00e1b\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 nest\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 rumy, naopak v destilerii v San Jose<\/strong> jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny rumy ur\u010den\u00e9 ke st\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi trhy pro tento rum jsou Kuba, N\u011bmecko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Francie, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie. Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee na Kub\u011b se p\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 lahve rumu ul\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. \u201ekapka svat\u00fdm\u201c, jednodu\u0161e se ulije rum na podlahu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba rumu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na poli sb\u011brem cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdroby se se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Zafra<\/strong>. Sb\u011br prob\u00edh\u00e1 po cel\u00fd rok, nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak od prosince do b\u0159ezna. Na Kub\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es 150 druh\u016f cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. N\u00e1sleduje rychl\u00e1 p\u0159eprava do cukrovaru, zde se ve velk\u00fdch lisech extrahuje \u010derstv\u00e1 t\u0159tinov\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Guarapo<\/strong>. To se n\u00e1sledn\u011b zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, tekut\u00e1 slo\u017eka je odpa\u0159ena a vznik\u00e1 cukrov\u00fd med neboli meladura<\/strong>. D\u00e1le se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a odst\u0159edivou silou se od\u011bl\u00ed cukr a melasa<\/strong>. <\/span>Melasa je tedy druhotn\u00fd produkt p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b cukru. V melase z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 40 % a\u017e 60 % cukru. Je velmi hust\u00e1 a proto ji lze dlouhodob\u011b skladovat, ani\u017e by se zkazila. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b se melasa sm\u00edch\u00e1 s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdmi kvasinkami a vodou<\/strong>, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed tedy na \u0159adu fermentace<\/strong>. Co\u017e je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m kvasinky spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed cukr a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed jej na alkohol<\/strong>. Po fermentaci vznik\u00e1 takzvan\u00e9 Vino de Ca\u0148a<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1  okolo 7 %  alkoholu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Destilace a blending<\/h5>\n

Pomoc\u00ed destilace<\/strong> z tohoto „v\u00edna“ vznikaj\u00ed dva produkty. A to Aquardiente de Ca\u0148a<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00fd obsahuje 75 % alkoholu<\/strong>. Druh\u00fdm produktem je destil\u00e1t z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 96 % alkoholu<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Po destilaci p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu st\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>. Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm sudy Havana Club jsou americk\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho dubu po whiskey. Mlad\u00e9 sudy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro mlad\u00e9 rumy a star\u00e9 sudy pro star\u00e9 rumy. Na Kub\u011b nen\u00ed povoleno pou\u017e\u00edvat st\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pomoc\u00ed metody solera<\/strong>, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v Guatemale a jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 prvn\u00ed zr\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00edm aquardiente str\u00e1v\u00ed v sudech 24 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Z t\u011bchto aquardiente se vyberou ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159efiltruj\u00ed se a vznik\u00e1 tzv. Aquardiente Madre<\/strong>. Ty se op\u011bt vrac\u00ed do sudu zr\u00e1t. Madre se pot\u00e9 sm\u00edch\u00e1 s destil\u00e1tem z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny o s\u00edle 96 % alkoholu a vodou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 Ron Fresco<\/strong> neboli \u010derstv\u00fd rum. <\/span><\/p>\n

Jako posledn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed alias blending<\/strong>. Ron Fresco se d\u00e1le m\u00edch\u00e1 s ostatn\u00edmi b\u00e1zemi, dokud Maestro Ronero nerozhodne, \u017ee rum je vhodn\u00fd pro danou t\u0159\u00eddu rumu. Maestro Ronero<\/strong> tedy zast\u00e1v\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed funkci, je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za st\u00e1lou kvalitu a stejnou chu\u0165 rumu. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum nen\u00ed zdaleka v\u0161e, co na Kub\u011b naleznete.<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum a jeho v\u00fdroba je hl\u00edd\u00e1na kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 povoluj\u00ed<\/strong> doslazov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho produktu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 20 gramy cukru na litr. Je-li tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010den, mus\u00ed produkt n\u00e9st ozna\u010den\u00ed Elix\u00edr, p\u0159\u00edkladem je Legendario Elix\u00edr<\/a>. Takt\u00e9\u017e \u010d\u00edslovka na etiket\u011b, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rumu mus\u00ed odkazovat na nejmlad\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eku<\/strong> blendovan\u00fdch rum\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad rum\u016f dnes vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch na Kub\u011b<\/h6>\n

Havana Club, Santiago de Cuba, Ron Caney, Ron Varadero, Ron Mulata, Ron Santero, Ron Cubay, Ron Legendario, Ron Vigia, Eminente <\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvod n\u00e1zvu ostrova Kuba nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00fd. Jednou z verz\u00ed je, \u017ee n\u00e1zev  vze\u0161el z karibsk\u00e9ho jazyka Ta\u00edno. V\u00fdznam slova Kuba nen\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159elo\u017een. Znamen\u00e1 to n\u011bco jako \u201ekde \u00farodn\u00e1 p\u016fda je hojn\u00e1\u201c nebo \u201ev\u00fdborn\u00e9 m\u00edsto\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed verz\u00ed p\u016fvodu je, \u017ee ostrov pojmenoval Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus a to podle m\u011bsta Kuba v Portugalsku. A\u0165 je […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","iawp_total_views":46,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,47],"tags":[134,135,43],"class_list":["post-5541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani-za-rumem","category-rumova-akademie","tag-kuba","tag-kubansky-rum","tag-rumme"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum || Kuba a jej\u00ed historie || RumMe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd rum byl a mo\u017en\u00e1 st\u00e1le je pro mnoho z n\u00e1s synonymem pro rum jako takov\u00fd. Nebo alespo\u0148 ten karibsk\u00fd. 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