{"id":5298,"date":"2020-11-18T22:09:07","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T20:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rumme.cz\/?p=5298"},"modified":"2025-01-26T19:34:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T19:34:42","slug":"historie-cukrove-trtiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rumme.cz\/en\/historie-cukrove-trtiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Kr\u00e1tce o dlouh\u00e9 historii cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsem psal o z\u00e1kladech kultivace cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny v Karibiku<\/strong><\/a>, tak jsem p\u0159esko\u010dil jedno d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. A to jej\u00ed dlouhou historii, kter\u00e9 v\u011bnuji tento \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejenom historie rumu je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, dlouh\u00e1 a spletit\u00e1. Je v\u0161ak dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout si, \u017ee kdyby se nestalo n\u011bkolik historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom dnes rum ani nepop\u00edjeli. U zrodu v\u0161eho dobr\u00e9ho (bohu\u017eel historicky i toho \u0161patn\u00e9ho<\/a>) byla cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvod cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd p\u016fvod cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, latinsky Saccharum officinarum, je Papua-Nov\u00e1 Guinea<\/a>. Tak\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat se zdroji, kter\u00e9 zmi\u0148uj\u00ed jako p\u016fvodce \u010c\u00ednu \u010di Indii. I kdy\u017e na sv\u00fdch degustac\u00edch<\/strong><\/a> zmi\u0148uji v\u0161echny t\u0159i destinace, dr\u017e\u00edm se „sc\u00e9na\u0159e“ s ostrovem Papua-Nov\u00e1 Guinea (na obr\u00e1zku \u010d. 1). V n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b kultivace byla na ostrov\u011b zaznamen\u00e1na u\u017e 8 000 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Domorod\u00ed lid\u00e9 ji \u017ev\u00fdkali, aby ze stonk\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1li sladkou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 jim poskytovala nutn\u00fd zdroj energie. Takt\u00e9\u017e ze st\u00e9bel cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny stav\u011bli oplocen\u00ed sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mapa
Mapa s cestou cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii se t\u0159tina \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 5. \u2013 10. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu (na obr\u00e1zku \u010d.2). Odtud byla p\u0159evezena do Indie, kde jej\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 vyvinuli prvn\u00ed metodu lisov\u00e1n\u00ed a extrakci t\u0159tinov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy.

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee u\u017e Alexandr Velik\u00fd (356 – 323 p\u0159.n.l.) se z\u00e1padn\u00edmu sv\u011btu zmi\u0148oval (\u010d. 4) o plodin\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed sladk\u00fd med, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak neprodukuj\u00ed v\u010dely. \u00dadajn\u011b dokonce ochutnal vykva\u0161en\u00fd n\u00e1poj ze t\u0159tinov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy.

N\u00e1sledn\u011b Arabov\u00e9 (7. st. n. l.) vysadili cukrovou t\u0159tinu v delt\u011b Nilu (\u010d. 5) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili jej\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed po cel\u00e9m severu Afriky a\u017e k jihu \u0160pan\u011blska (\u010d. 6). Obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny se rozr\u016fstalo exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b a to hlavn\u011b v okol\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 a Portugalci plodinu dopravili na Evrop\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 ostrovy v Atlatick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu (\u010d. 7).

Rok 1493 byl ve znamen\u00ed druh\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy Kry\u0161tofa Kolumba do Karibiku, tehdej\u0161\u00ed Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Indie. P\u0159i sv\u00e9 druh\u00e9 mo\u0159eplavb\u011b p\u0159evezl sazenice cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny na ostrov Hispaniola (\u010d. 8). Zde je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed rychl\u00fd rozvoj p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny vedl k nov\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, bohu\u017eel v\u010detn\u011b rozvoje troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky.

T\u0159tina a s n\u00ed v\u00fdroba cukru se d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do Braz\u00edlie (\u010d. 9) a dal\u0161\u00edch ostrov\u016f v Karibiku, nap\u0159\u00edklad Guadeloupe v roce 1644 (\u010d. 10). D\u00edky vhodn\u00fdm klimatick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m se z oblasti Karibiku stala cukrovarnick\u00e1 velmoc a to jen v rozmez\u00ed 2 stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e jste si zkusili vysadit cukrovou t\u0159tinu doma?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina v kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010di<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsem psal o z\u00e1kladech kultivace cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny v Karibiku, tak jsem p\u0159esko\u010dil jedno d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. A to jej\u00ed dlouhou historii, kter\u00e9 v\u011bnuji tento \u010dl\u00e1nek. Nejenom historie rumu je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, dlouh\u00e1 a spletit\u00e1. Je v\u0161ak dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout si, \u017ee kdyby se nestalo n\u011bkolik historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom dnes rum ani nepop\u00edjeli. U zrodu v\u0161eho dobr\u00e9ho […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","iawp_total_views":49,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rumova-akademie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistorie cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny || Rumov\u00e1 akademie || RumMe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Historie cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny sah\u00e1 a\u017e 8 000 let p\u0159ed n\u00e1\u0161 letopo\u010det. 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